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音频科普：诺贝尔物理学奖颁给了控制激光技术
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音频科普：诺贝尔物理学奖颁给了控制激光技术
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland share the 2018 physics Nobel for their work with lasers that have led to numerous practical applications, such as eye surgery.Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou和Donna Strickland共同获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖。他们与激光有关的工作产生了许多实际应用，比如眼科手术。
撰文\播音：史蒂夫·米尔斯基（Steve Mirsky）
翻译：邱燕宁
审校：张清越
“The main practical application of CPA so far has been in the eye surgery. It was the first one, and I think it is the one that is used by the most people for something practical.”
目前CPA的主要实际应用是眼科手术。这是第一个应用，并且我认为这也最普遍的最广泛的一个应用。
Donna Strickland on the phone this morning with Göran Hansson of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, after learning that she had shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. CPA is chirped pulse amplification, a technique for producing incredibly short pulses of laser light of very high intensity.
Donna Strickland今早在得知自己与他人共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖之后，于卡罗林斯卡学院与诺贝尔奖组委会的戈兰·汉森通了电话。CPA指啁啾脉冲放大技术，这种技术可以产生非常短的高强度脉冲激光。
A few minutes before talking with Strickland, Hansson made the announcement:
在与Strickland谈话前几分钟，汉森宣布:
“This year’s prize is about tools made from light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Arthur Ashkin for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems and the other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses.
今年的奖项是关于由光制成的工具。瑞典皇家科学院今天决定授予2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的一半授予Arthur Ashkin，为他在光学镊子和其在生物系统上的应用；另一半授予Gérard Mourou和Donna Strickland，为他们发现的产生高强度的超短光脉冲的方法。
“Arthur Ashkin was born in 1922 in New York City. He made his remarkable invention at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey in the United States. Gérard Mourou was born in 1944 in Albertville in France. And he’s currently at the École Polytechnique in Palaiseau in France, and also affiliated with the University of Michigan in the United States.
Arthur Ashkin 1922年出生于纽约市。他在美国新泽西州的贝尔实验室完成了他的非凡发明。Gérard Mourou1944年出生于法国阿尔贝维尔。他现在在法国帕莱索的综合工科学校工作，也在美国的密歇根大学兼职。
“Donna Strickland was born in 1959 in Guelph, and she’s currently at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Drs. Mourou and Strickland did much of their groundbreaking work together at the University of Rochester in the United States.”
Donna Strickland 1959年出生于圭尔夫，目前在职于加拿大滑铁卢大学。Mourou博士和Strickland博士在美国罗切斯特大学一起从事了许多开创性的工作。
Physicist Olga Bottner, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, added:
诺贝尔物理学奖委员会主席，物理学家Olga Bottner补充说:
“Today we celebrate two inventions within the field of laser physics that have opened new scientific vistas. But what’s more, have already led to applications of direct benefit to society. Optical tweezers allowing control of tiny living organisms. And an amplification technique enabling construction of high-intensity compact laser systems.”
今天，我们庆祝激光物理学领域的两项发明，这两项发明开创了新的科学前景。但更重要的是，这些发明已经产生应用并在社会产生了直接效益。可以控制微小生物的光镊子，以及一种可用于产生高强度致密激光系统的放大技术。
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Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland share the 2018 physics Nobel for their work with lasers that have led to numerous practical applications, such as eye surgery.Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou和Donna Strickland共同获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖。他们与激光有关的工作产生了许多实际应用，比如眼科手术。
撰文\播音：史蒂夫·米尔斯基（Steve Mirsky）
翻译：邱燕宁
审校：张清越
“The main practical application of CPA so far has been in the eye surgery. It was the first one, and I think it is the one that is used by the most people for something practical.”
目前CPA的主要实际应用是眼科手术。这是第一个应用，并且我认为这也最普遍的最广泛的一个应用。
Donna Strickland on the phone this morning with Göran Hansson of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, after learning that she had shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. CPA is chirped pulse amplification, a technique for producing incredibly short pulses of laser light of very high intensity.
Donna Strickland今早在得知自己与他人共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖之后，于卡罗林斯卡学院与诺贝尔奖组委会的戈兰·汉森通了电话。CPA指啁啾脉冲放大技术，这种技术可以产生非常短的高强度脉冲激光。
A few minutes before talking with Strickland, Hansson made the announcement:
在与Strickland谈话前几分钟，汉森宣布:
“This year’s prize is about tools made from light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Arthur Ashkin for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems and the other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses.
今年的奖项是关于由光制成的工具。瑞典皇家科学院今天决定授予2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的一半授予Arthur Ashkin，为他在光学镊子和其在生物系统上的应用；另一半授予Gérard Mourou和Donna Strickland，为他们发现的产生高强度的超短光脉冲的方法。
“Arthur Ashkin was born in 1922 in New York City. He made his remarkable invention at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey in the United States. Gérard Mourou was born in 1944 in Albertville in France. And he’s currently at the École Polytechnique in Palaiseau in France, and also affiliated with the University of Michigan in the United States.
Arthur Ashkin 1922年出生于纽约市。他在美国新泽西州的贝尔实验室完成了他的非凡发明。Gérard Mourou1944年出生于法国阿尔贝维尔。他现在在法国帕莱索的综合工科学校工作，也在美国的密歇根大学兼职。
“Donna Strickland was born in 1959 in Guelph, and she’s currently at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Drs. Mourou and Strickland did much of their groundbreaking work together at the University of Rochester in the United States.”
Donna Strickland 1959年出生于圭尔夫，目前在职于加拿大滑铁卢大学。Mourou博士和Strickland博士在美国罗切斯特大学一起从事了许多开创性的工作。
Physicist Olga Bottner, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, added:
诺贝尔物理学奖委员会主席，物理学家Olga Bottner补充说:
“Today we celebrate two inventions within the field of laser physics that have opened new scientific vistas. But what’s more, have already led to applications of direct benefit to society. Optical tweezers allowing control of tiny living organisms. And an amplification technique enabling construction of high-intensity compact laser systems.”
今天，我们庆祝激光物理学领域的两项发明，这两项发明开创了新的科学前景。但更重要的是，这些发明已经产生应用并在社会产生了直接效益。可以控制微小生物的光镊子，以及一种可用于产生高强度致密激光系统的放大技术。
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